Polyp
A mass that bulges outward from a normal tissue surface, usually appearing as an irregular mound-like structure growing from a broad base or a slender stalk

  
X-Ray (X-Ra)
1. The ionizing electromagnetic radiation emitted from a highly evacuated tube, resulting from the excitation of the inner orbital electrons by the bombardment of the target anode with a stream of electrons from a heated cathode.

2. Ionizing electromagnetic radiation produced by the excitation of the inner orbital electrons of an atom by other processes, such as nuclear delay and its sequelae.

3. A radiograph.

Contrast Material
Also referred to as contrast agent or contrast medium. Any internally administered substance that has a different opacity from soft tissue on radiography or computed tomography. Includes:

* Barium or water, used to make parts of the gastrointestinal tract opaque.
* Iodine in water, used for arthrography.
* Water soluble iodine, used to make blood vessels opaque; to demonstrate the inner structures of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters and bladder); and to outline joints (the spaces between two bones).
* Iodine mixed with water or oil may be used to evaluate the fallopian tubes and lining of the uterus.
* Sterile saline (salt water) is used during hysterosonography.
* May refer to air occurring naturally or introduced into the body.
* Paramagnetic substances used in magnetic resonance imaging.

Barium (Ba)
(ba-rE-um, bA-rE-um)
A metallic, alkaline, divalent earth element; atomic no. 56, atomic wt. 137.327. Salts are often used in diagnosis.
Rectum - The lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored.
Appendix
A wormlike "pouch" several inches long located near the top of the large intestine, in the lower right portion of the abdomen. At this time, the role the appendix plays in the human body is not known.
Radiologist
(rA-dE-Ol-O-jist)
A physician trained in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic use of x-rays and radionuclides, radiation physics, and biology; a diagnostic radiologist may also be trained in diagnostic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and applicable physics.
Benign Tumors
(bE-nIn)
Not cancerous. May also be defined as non-malignant. Benign is also used to describe medical conditions that have a mild course.
polyp
A mass that bulges outward from a normal tissue surface, usually appearing as an irregular mound-like structure growing from a broad base or a slender stalk.
Cancer
(kan-ser)
General term frequently used to indicate any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause death of the patient unless adequately treated.
Diarrhea
(dI-a-rE-a)
An abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel.
Constipation
(kon-sti-pA-shun)
A condition in which bowel movements are infrequent or incomplete.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel function - alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea.
Ureter
(yU-rE-ter)
The tube that carries urine from each kidney to empty into the bladder.
Kidney
(kid-nE)
One of the two organs that excrete the urine. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs (about 11 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick) lying on either side of the backbone.

 

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Upper GI and/or Small Bowel Series

What is Upper GI Tract X-ray?

Fluoroscopy
(flur-os-ko-pE)
Examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by x-ray, using the fluoroscope.
Esophagus - The "food tube" which connects the mouth to the stomach.

Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, also called an upper GI, is an x-ray examination of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine (also known as the duodenum) that uses a special form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and a contrast material called barium. The radiologist is able to view and assess the anatomy and function of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and the duodenum. 

Fluoroscopy makes it possible to see internal organs in motion. In addition to drinking barium, some patients are also given baking-soda crystals to further improve the images. This procedure is called an air-contrast or double-contrast upper GI.

A Small Bowel Series is an x-ray examination of the small intestines.

Common uses of Upper GI Exams:

An upper GI examination helps evaluate digestive function and to detect ulcers, tumors, inflammation of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, hiatal hernias, scarring, blockages, or abnormalities of the muscular wall of gastrointestinal tissues.

The procedure is also used to help diagnose symptoms such as, difficulty swallowing, chest and abdominal pain, reflux (a backward flow of partially digested food and digestive juices), unexplained vomiting, severe indigestion, blood in the stool (indicating internal GI bleeding).
The Small Bowel Series is used to detect conditions, such as Tumors, Malabsorption,  swelling and irritation of the small intestines.

Lower GI (Barium Enema)

What is Lower GI Tract X-ray?

Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract radiography, also called a lower GI, is an x-ray examination of the large intestine, also known as the colon. This includes the rectum. The appendix and a portion of the small intestine may also be included.

The lower GI uses a special form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and a contrast material called barium.

Common uses of Barium Enema Exam:

Fluoroscopy makes it possible to see internal organs in motion. When the lower gastrointestinal tract is filled with barium, the radiologist is able to view and assess the anatomy and function of the rectum, colon and part of the lower small intestine.  A physician may order a lower GI examination to detect or diagnose:

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

What is IVP?

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder that uses contrast material.

When a contrast material is injected into the patient's arm, it travels through the blood stream and collects in the kidneys and urinary tract, turning these areas bright white.

Common uses of IVP studies:

An IVP allows the radiologist to view and assess the anatomy and function of the kidneys and lower urinary tract, and helps the physician assess abnormalities in the urinary system, as well as how quickly and efficiently the patient's system is able to handle waste.

The exam is used to help diagnose symptoms such as blood in the urine or pain in the side or lower back, as well as detect problems within the urinary tract resulting from kidney stones, enlarged prostate, and tumors in the kidney, ureters or urinary bladder.